Since that time, the CS Sysadmin Team has innovated services and infrastructure well beyond its beginnings in 2000, and was the first to implement at Caltech a long list of technologies, methodologies, and policies.

First implemented by CS at Caltech was:

* LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, used in CS for authentication, authorization, mail aliases. Hardware and software inventory was stored in the LDAP directory for a short time as well.

* SNMP - Simple Network Monitoring Protocol, used in CS to actively and passively monitor resources to be aware of outages before CS users experienced a problem. SNMP in CS evolved into a trending and planning tool, to anticipate future needs for hardware to satisfy growing usage.

* SMTP-Auth - Simple Mail Authentication, used in CS to allow someone off-campus to route outgoing email through CS mail servers, effectively *relaying* mail but only after the sender has authenticated, to prevent unauthorized use.

* Maildir - an efficient mail storage mechanism in which each email message is a file on disk, implemented in CS to reduce or eliminate file-locking problems involved with traditional 'mbox' storage format in which all messages are stored in a single file.

* _access.conf_ - created as a Pluggable Authentication Module, by a CS postdoctoral scholar before he joined Caltech, to restrict remote access to specific users/groups, implemented in CS to deny mortal user access to infrastructure servers

* Documentation System - initially implemented for both system administrators and research members of CS, Computer Science had the first dynamic documentation system to catalog policies, FAQs, procedures for new users. It has evolved through several iterations over the years, beginning with Zope, then a Content Management System (CMS), then ikiwiki, a wiki-compiler in which documents are stored in a version control system, then [FosWiki](http://foswiki.org), finally this wiki.

* Canonical configuration management system - originally utilized to handle the automated configuration of a few dozen !FreeBSD hosts in the Intel Lab at the time, this has also evolved into a bi-directional automated system in which changes are reported to a central mechanism to confirm configuration changes

Typically, these innovations were accomplished out of pure necessity to provide a scalable sustainable environment with limited manpower.

Since accomplishing this goal, the systems administration team has progressed to anticipating user requests within the department in order to better serve an ever-changing need.